Fitar da Marufi Karfe: Cikakken Tsarin da Aka Bayyana Tare da Takardar Rigakafin Tsatsa, Madauri, da Pallets
A matsayinta na babbar ƙasar da ke fitar da na'urorin ƙarfe a duniya, China tana jigilar miliyoyin tan na ƙarfe zuwa kasuwannin duniya kowace shekara. Saboda haka, yadda ake kare waɗannan kayayyaki yayin jigilar kaya daga nesa babban batu ne. Hanyoyin marufi kamar amfani da takarda mai hana tsatsa, ɗaurewa, da kuma yin pallet a matsayin muhimman matakai.
Domin hana tsatsa daga ƙarfe, ana naɗe na'urorin da aka fitar da su da takardar hana tsatsa ko kayan da aka yi wa laminated mai hana ruwa shiga. Waɗannan kayan suna taimakawa wajen ware danshi da iskar oxygen wanda ke taimakawa wajen kare ƙarfe daga lalacewa da yanayin ruwa mai danshi ke haifarwa.
Domin tabbatar da cewa na'urorin ba sa motsawa, kamfanoni galibi suna amfani da madaurin ƙarfe ko madaurin PET (polyester). Madaurin ƙarfe na iya samar da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi wajen isar da kaya wanda ya dace da kaya masu nauyi. A halin yanzu, madaurin PET an san shi da sassauci da juriya ga girgiza. Bugu da ƙari, ya sami shahara a matsayin madadin da ya dace da muhalli, musamman a kasuwannin duniya.
Pallets suna aiki a matsayin tushen tallafi don tara na'urori da jigilar su. Ko da an yi su da itace ko ƙarfe, waɗannan pallets dole ne su bi ƙa'idodin ƙasar Sin (kamar GB/T 4995 da GB/T 2934) don tabbatar da dacewa da manyan motoci, layin dogo, da jigilar kaya. Tsawon pallet ɗin kuma an ƙera shi ne don ɗaukar forklifts da rage hulɗa da danshi kai tsaye.
Domin gujewa lalacewar gefen da lalacewa daga matsin lamba na ɗaurewa, ana ƙara kayan kariya kamar masu tsaron kusurwa da zoben ciki/waje. Sauran kayan taimako kamar kumfa, matashin kwali, da jakunkunan dunnage masu hura iska suna taimakawa wajen shaƙar girgiza da kuma hana gogewar saman.
A lokacin loda kwantena, ana sanya shingen danshi kamar layin PE a gindi, kuma ana saka fakitin da ba a tace ba. Wasu masu fitar da kaya ma suna amfani da jakunkunan hadaddiyar foil na aluminum don ƙarin rufewa. Shawarwarin masana'antu - kamar waɗanda ke cikin jagororin marufi na fitarwa don na'urori masu rufi - suna ba da shawarar hanyar kariya mai layi.
Kowace fakitin na'ura dole ne ta liƙa lakabin da ya dace, gami da cikakkun bayanai, nauyi, umarnin sarrafawa, da wuraren da za a je. Dole ne duk alamun su bi ƙa'idar GB/T 247 don sauƙaƙe tantancewa daidai don tabbatar da daidaiton aiki a duk faɗin hanyoyin jigilar kaya.
A takaice dai, marufi don na'urorin ƙarfe na fitarwa ya zama tsarin da aka tsara, daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe, wanda ya shafi komai daga naɗewa a masana'anta zuwa loda kwantena. Maganin marufi mai kyau ba wai kawai yana kare kaya ba yayin jigilar kayayyaki da yawa, har ma yana ƙara haɓaka gasawar ƙarfe a China a kasuwar duniya.
Yayin da dorewa ke ƙara zama abin fifiko a harkokin cinikayyar ƙasa da ƙasa, marufi don fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen waje yana kuma komawa ga kayan da za a iya sake amfani da su da fasahar marufi mai wayo—tabbatar da ingantattun hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki a nan gaba.
Sigar Turanci: Nassoshi & Tushe
Ƙarar Fitar da Karfe daga China
Tushe: Rahoton Shekara-shekara na Ƙungiyar ƙarfe da ƙarfe ta China (CISA) na 2024 - an fitar da sama da tan miliyan 90 daga ƙasashen waje, na'urorin lantarki sune manyan samfuran da aka samar.
Kayan Naɗewa na Rigakafin Tsatsa
Tushe: Takamaiman bayanan marufi na Baosteel; nazarin ilimi "Bincike kan Marufi na Karfe da Dabaru na Hana Tsatsa," wanda aka buga a cikin mujallar Injiniyan Marufi (2022).
Kwatanta Karfe da Madaurin Dabbobin Dabbobi
Tushe: Bukatu na gaba ɗaya daga "Jagororin Fasaha na Marufi na Fitarwa daga China," da kuma ƙasidu na fasaha daga masu samar da kayayyaki na duniya kamar FROMM da Signode.
Ma'aunin Palletization (GB/T 4995 & GB/T 2934)
GB/T 4995-2014: Bayani dalla-dalla na Fasaha na Gabaɗaya don Fale-falen Karfe
GB/T 2934-2007: Girman fale-falen fale-falen don na'urorin jigilar kaya na marufi
Kayan Marufi na Ƙarin Abinci
Tushe: Misalai masu amfani daga masu fitar da ƙarfe na ƙasar Sin (misali, Baowu Steel Group, Rizhao Steel), gami da hotuna da jadawalin tsari a shafukan yanar gizon su na hukuma da kuma dandalin Alibaba Global.
Rufin Kwantena da Kayan Shafawa
Tushe: Jagororin Fitar da Kwantenan Karfe na Fitar da Kaya, aikin bushewa kamar yadda aka tsara a ƙa'idar DIN 55473, da kuma jagora daga Kwamitin Kula da Kayayyakin Karfe na China.
Bukatun Lakabi (GB/T 247-2021)
Cikakken suna: Takaddun Shaida na Gabaɗaya don Marufi, Alamar, da Takaddun Shaida na Faranti da Zare-zare na Karfe
An bayar da ita: SAMR (Hukumar Jiha don Dokokin Kasuwa) da SAC (Hukumar Daidaita Daidaito ta China)
Abubuwan da ke Faruwa a Nan Gaba a cikin Marufi Mai Kore da Wayo
Tushe: Rahoton Tsarin Samar da Kayayyaki Mai Dorewa na UNCTAD; Shirin Shekaru Biyar na 14 na China kan Masana'antu Masu Kore; Hasashen masana'antu daga kamfanonin sarrafa kansa da kayan marufi kamar Kawasaki Robotics da Fhopepack.